糖化血红蛋白检测

定义

A1C is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your blood sugar to help prevent complications from 糖尿病.

选择的名字

Hb糖化血红蛋白检测; Glycated hemoglobin test; Glycohemoglobin test; Hemoglobin A1C; Diabetes - A1C; Diabetic - A1C

如何执行测试

需要血液样本. 有两种方法:

• 从静脉中抽出的血. 这是在实验室完成的.
• 手指粘. This can be done in your health care provider's office. Or, you may be prescribed a kit that you can use at home. Results by finger stick may differ slightly from blood drawn from a vein, but in most cases can also be used to monitor your treatment.

如何准备考试

不需要特别准备. The food you have recently eaten does not affect the 糖化血红蛋白检测, so you do not need to fast to prepare for this blood test.

考试的感觉如何

With a finger stick, you may feel slight pain.

从静脉中抽血, you may feel a slight pinch or some stinging when the needle is inserted. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

Your provider may order this test if you have 糖尿病. It shows how well you are controlling your 糖尿病.

The test may also be used to screen for 糖尿病.

Ask your provider how often you should have your A1C level tested. Usually, testing every 3 or 6 months is recommended.

正常的结果

The following are the results when A1C is being used to diagnose 糖尿病:

• 正常(无糖尿病):小于5.7%
• 糖尿病前期:5.7% to 6.4%
• 糖尿病:6.5%或更高

If you have 糖尿病, you and your provider will discuss the correct range for you. For many people, the goal is to keep the level below 7%.

The test result may be incorrect in people with 贫血, kidney disease, liver disease, or certain blood disorders (地中海贫血). Talk to your provider if you have any of these conditions. Certain medicines can also result in a false A1C level.

The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

An abnormal result means that you have had a high blood sugar level over a period of weeks to months.

如果你的A1C是6.5%或更高 and you do not already have 糖尿病, you may be diagnosed with 糖尿病.

If your level is above 7% and you have 糖尿病, it often means that your blood sugar is not as well controlled as would be ideal. You and your provider should determine your target A1C.

Many labs now use the A1C to calculate an 估计平均葡萄糖(eAG). This estimate may be different from the average blood sugars you are recording from your glucose meter or continuous glucose monitor. Talk to your provider about what this means. The actual blood sugar readings are usually more reliable than the estimated average glucose based on the A1C.

The higher your A1C, the higher the risk that you will develop problems such as:

• 眼科疾病
• 心脏病
• 肾脏疾病
• 神经损伤
• 中风

If your A1C stays high, talk to your provider about how to best manage your blood sugar.

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks of having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; Drazin B, Aroda VR, et al. 6. Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in 糖尿病 - 2022. 糖尿病护理. 16 2022; 45 (5): S83-S96. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 34964868 /.

陈国强，张国强. Glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb, glycohemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, HbA1a, HbA1b, 糖化血红蛋白) - blood. 见:陈国强，张国强编. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:596-597.