腹部超音波

定义

腹部 超声波 is a type of imaging test. It is used to look at organs in the abdomen, 包括肝脏, 胆囊, 脾, 胰腺, 和肾脏. The blood vessels that lead to some of these organs, such as the inferior vena cava and aorta, can also be examined with 超声波.

选择的名字

Ultrasound - abdomen; 腹部 sonogram; Right upper quadrant sonogram

How the Test is Performed

An 超声波 machine makes images of organs and structures inside the body. The machine sends out high-frequency sound waves that reflect off body structures. A computer receives these waves and uses them to create a picture. 与 x射线 or CT扫描, this test does not expose you to ionizing radiation.

You will be lying down for the procedure. A clear, water-based conducting gel is applied to the skin over the abdomen. This helps with the transmission of the sound waves. A handheld probe called a transducer is then moved over the abdomen.

You may need to change position so that the health care provider can look at different areas. You may also need to hold your breath for short periods during the exam.

Most of the time, the test takes less than 30 minutes.

How to Prepare for the Test

How you will prepare for the test depends on the problem. You will likely be asked not to eat or drink for several hours before the exam. Your health care provider will go over what you need to do.

How the Test will Feel

There is little discomfort. The conducting gel may feel a little cold and wet. The sonographer may press the probe against your abdomen.

Why the Test is Performed

You may have this test to:

• Find the cause of abdominal pain
• Find the cause of kidney infections
• Diagnose or monitor tumors and cancers
• 诊断或治疗 腹水
• Learn why there is swelling of an abdominal organ
• Look for damage after an injury
• Look for stones in the 胆囊 or kidney
• Look for the cause of abnormal blood tests such as 肝功能检查 或者肾脏检查
• Look for the cause of a fever

The reason for the test will depend on your symptoms.

正常的结果

The organs examined appear normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

The meaning of abnormal results depends on the organ being examined and the type of problem. Talk to your provider if you have any questions or concerns.

An abdominal 超声波 can indicate conditions such as:

• 腹部 aortic aneurysm
• 脓肿
• 阑尾炎
• 胆囊炎
• 胆结石
• 肾盂积水
• 肾结石
• Pancreatitis (inflammation in 胰腺)
• 脾脏肿大(脾肿大)
• 门脉高压
• 肝肿瘤
• Obstruction of bile ducts
• 肝硬化

风险

没有已知的风险. You are not exposed to ionizing radiation.

参考文献

Barnett CF, Sweeney DA, Huddleston LL. Ultrasonography: advanced applications and procedures. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 24.

陈L. 腹部超音波 imaging: anatomy, physics, instrumentation, and technique. In: Sahani DV, Samir AE, eds. 腹部成像. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 3.

莱文MS，戈尔RM. Diagnostic imaging procedures in gastroenterology. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 124.

Nickels LC, Duran-Gehring P. 紧急超声波. In: Walls RM，编辑. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap e3.

威尔逊老. The gastrointestinal tract. In: Rumack CM, Levine D, eds. 诊断超声. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 8.