多导睡眠描记术

定义

多导睡眠图是一项睡眠研究. This test records certain body functions as you sleep, or try to sleep. 多导睡眠描记术 is used to diagnose 睡眠障碍.

选择的名字

Sleep study; Polysomnogram; Rapid eye movement studies; Split night polysomnography; PSG; OSA - sleep study; Obstructive sleep apnea - sleep study; Sleep apnea - sleep study

如何执行测试

睡眠有两种类型:

• 快速眼动睡眠. 大多数梦发生在快速眼动睡眠期间. 在正常情况下, 你的肌肉, 除了你的眼睛和呼吸肌, 在这个睡眠阶段不要动吗.
• 非快速眼动睡眠. NREM sleep is divided into three stages that can be detected by brain waves (EEG).

REM sleep alternates with NREM sleep about every 90 minutes. A person with normal sleep most often has four to five cycles of REM and NREM sleep during a night.

A sleep study measures your sleep cycles and stages by recording:

• 当你呼吸时，空气从你的肺里进出
• 你血液中的含氧量
• 体位
• 脑电波(EEG)
• 呼吸的力度和速率
• 肌肉电活动
• 眼动
• 心率

多导睡眠描记术 can be done either at a sleep center or in your home.

在一个睡眠中心

Full sleep studies are most often done at a special sleep center.

• You will be asked to arrive about 2 hours before bedtime.
• 你将睡在中心的一张床上. Many sleep centers have comfortable bedrooms, similar to a hotel.
• The test is most often done at night so that your normal sleep patterns can be studied. If you are a night shift worker, many centers can perform the test during your normal sleep hours.
• Your health care provider will place electrodes on your chin, 头皮, 还有眼睑的外缘. You will have monitors to record your heart rate and breathing attached to your chest. 当你睡觉的时候，这些东西会留在你的身体里.
• The electrodes record signals while you are awake (with your eyes closed) and during sleep. The test measures the amount of time it takes you to fall asleep and how long it takes you to enter REM sleep.
• A specially-trained provider will observe you while you sleep and note any changes in your breathing or heart rate.
• The test will record the number of times that you either stop breathing or almost stop breathing.
• There are also monitors to record your movements during sleep. Sometimes a video camera records your movements during sleep.

在家里

You may be able to use a sleep study device in your home instead of at a sleep center to help diagnose sleep apnea. You either pick up the device at a sleep center or a trained therapist comes to your home to set it up.

在下列情况下可以使用家庭测试:

• 你正在接受睡眠专家的治疗.
• Your sleep doctor thinks you have 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停.
• 你没有其他睡眠障碍.
• You do not have other serious health problems, such as heart disease or lung disease.

如何准备考试

Whether the test is at a sleep study center or at home, you prepare the same way. 除非你的十大赌博平台排行榜指示你这样做, do not take any sleep medicine and do not drink alcohol or caffeinated beverages before the test. 它们会影响你的睡眠.

为什么要进行测试

该测试有助于诊断 睡眠障碍,包括 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症). Your provider may think you have OSA because you have these symptoms:

• 白天嗜睡 (白天入睡)
• 大声打鼾
• Periods of holding your breath while you sleep, followed by gasps or snorts
• 不安分的睡觉

多导睡眠描记术 can also diagnose other 睡眠障碍:

• 猝睡症
• Periodic limb movements disorder (moving your legs often during sleep)
• REM behavior disorder (physically "acting out" your dreams during sleep)

正常的结果

一项睡眠研究显示:

• How often you stop breathing for at least 10 seconds (called apnea)
• How often your breathing is partly blocked for 10 seconds (called hypopnea)
• Your brain waves and muscle movements during sleep

Most people have short periods during sleep where their breathing stops or is partly blocked. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is the number of apnea or hypopnea measured during a sleep study. AHI results are used to diagnose obstructive or central sleep apnea.

正常测试结果显示:

• 很少或没有呼吸停止发作. In adults, an AHI of less than 5 is considered normal.
• Normal patterns of brain waves and muscle movements during sleep.
  

异常结果意味着什么

In adults, an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) above 5 may mean you have sleep apnea:

• 5到14是轻度睡眠呼吸暂停.
• 15到29是中度睡眠呼吸暂停.
• 30或以上是严重的睡眠呼吸暂停.

To make a diagnosis and decide on treatment, the sleep specialist must also look at:

• 睡眠研究的其他发现
• 你的病史和睡眠相关的抱怨
• 你的身体检查

参考文献

Avidan啊. 睡眠及其障碍. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 101.

李建军，李建军，李建军，等. American Academy of Sleep Medicine position paper for the use of a home sleep apnea test for the diagnosis of OSA in children. 睡眠医学. 2017;13(10):1199-1203. PMID: 28877820 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 28877820 /.

林志强，林志强，林志强. 睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠障碍. 见:Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH，等编. 卡明斯耳鼻喉科:头颈外科. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 15.

Shangold L. 临床多导睡眠描记术. 见:Friedman M, Jacobowitz O主编. 睡眠呼吸暂停和打鼾. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 4.