Living Kidney Donor Transplant

与任何大手术一样，有可能出现并发症. 然而, kidney donors have the same life expectancy, general health and kidney function as non-donors. 捐献肾脏并不影响女性生育的能力. Any healthy person can safely donate a kidney.

Having a living donor benefits patients in several ways:

• Better long-term results
• Shorter wait time until transplant
• Ability to plan surgery at a convenient time
• 并发症或器官排斥的风险较低，移植肾的早期功能较好

Donor eligibility and evaluation

Potential donors must meet certain criteria to be considered. 必须年满18周岁(未取得独立的未成年人除外)，不得有下列情形之一:

• Uncontrollable hypertension
• 肺栓塞史或复发性血栓(血块)
• 出血失调
• Uncontrollable psychiatric illness
• 病态肥胖
• Uncontrollable cardiovascular disease
• 伴氧合或通气障碍的慢性肺病
• History of melanoma
• History of metastatic cancer
• Bilateral or recurrent kidney stones
• Chronic kidney disease of stage 3 or less
• 蛋白尿, or high levels of protein in the blood (more than 300 mg/d, excluding postural proteinuria
• 艾滋病毒感染

The donor must be in excellent health, 对移植有充分的了解并能给予知情同意. Before donating a kidney, the person must successfully complete a full medical, surgical and psychosocial evaluation.

评估将包括确保供体和受体具有相容的血液和组织类型的测试. 有些病人的几个家庭成员都是合适的潜在捐赠者. In other families, none are suitable. 加州大学旧金山分校提供了几个项目来帮助那些愿意但不相容的捐赠者(参见“活体肾脏移植的特殊项目”),”下面).

Laporoscopic (minimally invasive) donor surgery

UCSF has been using a minimally invasive procedure, called laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, to remove kidneys from living donors since 1999. We have performed hundreds of these procedures, making our program one of the most experienced in the country.

In a laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, the surgeon uses very small incisions, 一个瘦, flexible scope equipped with a camera to view inside the body, and wand-like instruments to remove the kidney. Compared to the kidney donation procedure used in the past, laparascopic surgery has several advantages for donors:

• Decreased need for strong pain medications
• Shorter recovery time in the hospital
• Quicker return to normal activities
• Very low complication rate

The operation usually takes three hours. 大多数病人只需要住院两到三天，三到四周内就可以恢复工作.

在某些情况下, due to the donor's individual anatomy, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜决定进行传统的开放肾捐献手术. 在腹腔镜技术发展之前，这种方法是摘除活体供体肾脏的标准方法.

传统的开放手术包括在侧面开一个5到7英寸的切口, dividing the muscle and removing the tip of the twelfth rib. The operation typically takes three hours. 捐赠者平均在十大赌博平台排行榜停留4至5天，6至8周后重返工作岗位.

所使用的技术不会影响捐赠肾脏的质量和功能.

Donor follow-up care

出院后，捐赠者在移植诊所接受后续护理. 居住在旧金山地区以外的献血者出院后应在该地区待至少一周.

捐赠者从手术中恢复后，不需要药物治疗或特殊饮食. 他们确实需要对自己的整体健康、血压和肾功能进行终身监测.

特殊的程序 for living donor kidney transplantation

许多患者的家人或朋友都希望捐献肾脏，但由于血型或组织类型与接受者不匹配而无法捐献.  在这种情况下，供体和受体被称为“不相容”.“加州大学旧金山分校提供了几个项目来帮助这些患者接受肾脏移植.

Paired exchange kidney transplant or "family swap"

这个项目是活体捐赠者帮助朋友或亲人获得肾脏的另一种方式，即使他们的血液或组织类型不匹配. 它的工作原理是将两个有意愿但不相容的捐赠者配对.

For more information, see our 页面 on paired exchange kidney donation.

Advanced donation ("voucher") program

这个项目允许活体肾脏捐赠者在他们选择的时间捐献肾脏, 而不是等到他们选择的接受者在医学上准备好进行移植. 捐赠者向一个选定的受赠人(或多个潜在受赠人)提供“代金券”, in the case of family vouchers), who is prioritized for a living donor transplant when ready.

For details about how this works, visit our Advanced Donation 肾移植 Program 页面.