阿尔茨海默氏症 疾病

迹象 & 症状

Symptoms of 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease include:

• 丧失抽象思维. 患有阿尔茨海默病的人可能会失去得出结论和解决问题的能力. It may become difficult to balance a checkbook, 例如, because the patient has forgotten what to do with the numbers.

• 定向障碍. People with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease can become lost on the street where they live, forget where they are 和 how they got there, 也不知道怎么回家.

• 缺乏主动性. A person with the disease may become passive or unmotivated, sitting in front of the television for hours, sleeping more than usual 和 not pursuing his or her usual activities.
• 语言问题. 患有阿尔茨海默病的人经常会忘记简单的单词，或者用不合适的单词代替. 一个找不到牙刷的老年痴呆症患者可能会要求“给我的嘴拿那个东西”."
• 遗忘东西. We're all prone to misplacing a wallet or key from time to time, but a person with 阿尔茨海默氏症 will put things in unusual places, such as an iron in the freezer or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.
• 情绪波动. 情绪的快速波动——从平静到流泪再到愤怒——没有明显的原因是另一个常见症状.
• 人格改变. 性格往往会随着年龄的增长而改变, but a person with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease may have a severe personality change, 变得非常困惑, 可疑的, 害怕或依赖家庭成员的.
• 判断力差. 丧失判断力是一种常见的症状. A patient may dress without regard to the weather, 天气暖和时穿几件衬衫或衬衫，天气冷时穿得很少. 其他人可能会给电话推销员大量的钱或支付房屋维修或他们不需要的产品.

诊断

There is no single diagnostic test that can diagnose 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease. The process involves several tests 和 may take more than a day. 这些测试使诊断阿尔茨海默氏症的准确率达到90%左右.

大脑中有两种异常结构与阿尔茨海默病有关——淀粉样斑块和神经原纤维缠结。

• 淀粉样斑块. 淀粉样斑块是由大脑中垂死的神经细胞碎片包围的粘稠的蛋白质团块或斑块.
• 神经原纤维缠结. 这些是被称为tau蛋白的受损残留物，这是正常大脑功能所必需的. 在阿尔茨海默氏症, tau蛋白的线会扭曲, which researchers believe may damage neurons 和 cause them to die.

Research has provided clues about why the neuron cells die, 但科学家们还没有确定斑块和缠结在疾病中的作用，以及它们是否是关键因素.

评价

在加州大学旧金山分校记忆与衰老中心, 评估将涉及神经科十大赌博平台排行榜, 放射科十大赌博平台排行榜, 药剂师, 护士和其他卫生专业人员. The evaluation may include a series of tests to measure memory, 推理, vision-motor coordination 和 language skills. In addition, the evaluation may include:

• 大脑扫描. 这些测试将用于检测其他可能导致痴呆的原因，如中风.
• 面试. An interview with the patient 和 another person close to the patient, 比如亲戚, 配偶或亲密的朋友可以提供记忆丧失和功能衰退的例子.
• 实验室测试. 实验室测试，比如 血 和 尿液 除了阿尔茨海默氏症之外，其他可能导致痴呆症的问题可能会提供信息.
• 病史. Information about mental or physical conditions, prescription 和 nonprescription drug use, 和 family medical history will be gathered.
• 精神状态. An evaluation will be conducted to assess sense of time 和 place; ability to remember, underst和 和 communicate; 和 ability to do simple math problems.
• 物理考试. The patient's nutritional status, 血 pressure 和 pulse will be assessed. 还将进行感觉、平衡和神经系统其他功能的测试.
• 精神评估. 对可能引起痴呆样症状或可能伴随阿尔茨海默病的情绪和其他情绪因素进行评估.

治疗

有几种药物被批准用于控制这种疾病或减缓衰退的速度. 一些患者在服药后病情会有所改善，服药后很快就会出现暂时的好转, but the period of improvement 和 stability varies. 尽管接受了治疗，但阿尔茨海默病似乎会长期恶化.

除了毒品, an aerobic 和 weight-bearing exercise regimen may increase energy levels, reduce apathy 和 improve the overall sense of well-being. Since lack of motivation can be a problem, 私人教练可以帮助确保十大赌博靠谱网络平台锻炼计划.

一种有希望的治疗方法是针对-淀粉样蛋白的疫苗. Research on the vaccine in mice has been encouraging. Studies involving humans are in the early stages.

卫生保健专业人员, with increasingly sensitive diagnostic skills, 是否使用先进的成像和医疗技术来识别特定的痴呆症. This improves 和 exp和s the options for treatment.

在10%到20%的疑似阿尔茨海默病病例中发现了一种可逆形式的痴呆症. These conditions are most often caused by electrolyte imbalances, 甲状腺疾病, 头部外伤, 维生素缺乏, psychiatric conditions such as severe depression, 安定之类的药物, 或者酗酒和吸毒.

照顾阿尔茨海默病患者在身体和情感上都是一项挑战. 经常, 照护者承担了以前由病人分担或负责的家务，如家庭财务和做饭. Progressive loss of memory can impair 识别 of family members, which leads to emotional detachment 和 separation.

为痴呆症患者及其护理人员提供广泛的支持服务.