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Diabetes Insipidus

Overview

尿崩症是一种罕见的疾病,当肾脏在过滤血液的过程中不能保存水分时发生. This form of diabetes is different than diabetes mellitus or "sugar" diabetes. 这两种糖尿病都与排尿过多有关, but have different causes and treatments.

尿崩症由缺乏抗利尿激素(ADH)引起。, also called vasopressin, which prevents dehydration, or the kidney's inability to respond to ADH. ADH enables the kidneys to retain water in the body. 这种激素产生于大脑中一个叫做下丘脑的区域. 脑垂体是大脑底部的一个小腺体,它储存和释放脑垂体.

当尿崩症是由于缺乏抗利尿激素引起的,称为中枢性尿崩症. 这种形式的疾病可由下丘脑或脑下垂体的损伤引起.

当这种情况是由肾脏对ADH的反应失败引起的, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which may be inherited. 这种形式的疾病包括肾脏缺陷,阻止身体将水重新吸收回血液. It is the rarest form of this uncommon disease.

Our approach to diabetes insipidus

UCSF is an international leader in endocrinology care. Our team provides comprehensive consultations, 广泛的激素紊乱的评估和治疗, such as diabetes insipidus.

我们用一种叫做醋酸去氨加压素(DDAVP)的药物来治疗这种情况. 这种药物类似于抗利尿激素,这种激素与尿崩症有关. 我们会根据每个人的情况调整剂量,在控制症状和避免并发症之间找到适当的平衡. 我们的目标是帮助我们的病人恢复健康正常的生活.

Awards & recognition

  • usnews-neurology

    Among the top hospitals in the nation

  • usnews-diabetes-and-endocrinology

    One of the nation's best for diabetes care & endocrinology

Signs & symptoms

尿崩症的主要症状是过度口渴和尿频, sometimes as often as every 15 minutes. This is caused by the lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, or the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

由于摄入了过多的液体,你的尿液可能会很清澈,像水一样. 大多数患有这种疾病的人会变得非常口渴,以至于他们喝足够的水来代替他们排尿的所有液体,从而避免脱水.

Diagnosis

To diagnose diabetes insipidus, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会询问你和其他家庭成员的健康状况, 特别是如果你的十大赌博平台排行榜怀疑你有遗传性疾病. Tests that may be administered include:

  • Urinalysis. This test examines the contents of your urine. 如果含水量高,盐和废物浓度低, it could be due to diabetes insipidus.
  • Fluid or water deprivation test. 这是一项测量体重、尿量和尿含量变化的测试. 在这个测试之前,你的十大赌博平台排行榜会测量你的体重并收集尿液样本进行分析. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会要求你停止喝水几个小时. During this period, urine samples will be collected. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能测量抗利尿激素(ADH)或抗利尿激素的血液水平. For children and pregnant women, 重要的是,在测试过程中,体重的损失不能超过5%.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI scan 在脑下垂体内或脑下垂体附近检查是否有异常. 这种扫描使用强大的磁铁和无线电波来创建大脑的详细图像.

Treatments

用于治疗这种疾病的药物被称为醋酸去氨加压素(DDAVP), which is similar to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, produced by your body. DDAVP comes in several forms. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会和你一起给你开最适合你的处方. The different forms are:

  • Nasal spray. This is medication is squirted into your nostril. 通常在睡前服用一剂,这样你就可以不受干扰地睡一觉. Some people may require a dose during the day.
  • Rhinal tube solution. 这种形式的药物一直保存在冰箱里. 一根小管子用来将精确剂量的药物输送到你的鼻子里. 虽然药物很难通过鼻管输送, you can vary the dose of the medication as needed. 它对那些作息时间多变或需要小剂量服药的人更有帮助. 这种形式和鼻喷雾剂都可以进入你的鼻孔,很快被血液吸收. 服药前用纸巾清洁鼻孔,以便更好地吸收.
  • Pills. Pills are convenient but they take longer to take effect. 你不会像用喷雾剂或鼻管那样感觉到口渴消散得那么快. 对一些病人来说,药物在控制症状方面没有那么有效. It's important to follow directions in taking this medication. 大多数人在睡前服用一剂,这样他们就能舒服地睡一觉. 你可能会发现你有时需要在白天服用一剂来控制你的症状,或者当你生病时,你的需求会发生变化, particularly if you have a stuffy nose, when the DDAVP spray may not be absorbed as well. You don't have to take the DDAVP every day at the same time.

Don't take the medication if you don't need it. Take your medication when you are:

  • Urinating excessively or your urine is as clear as water
  • Excessive thirsty

If you take too much DDAVP or take it when you don't need it, 你的身体可能会保留过多的液体,你可能会患上低钠血症, which can be life-threatening. 这种疾病的警告信号包括口渴和排尿减少, headache, nausea, fatigue and confusion.

如果你觉得你的症状没有得到控制,或者你经历了低钠血症的一些警告信号, contact your doctor so your medication dose can be adjusted. 如果治疗得当,你应该能够维持正常的生活方式和活动.

UCSF Health medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.

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