You might encounter unfamiliar words and phrases in the course of your treatment for 卵子rian or breast cancer. We're committed to making sure that you understand everything you need to about your diagnosis and care. Use this guide to look up any words or phrases that you don't recognize. 记住, if someone on your care team says something you don't understand, please ask them to explain it.
Taking Charge: 术语表
a
抗氧化剂: substances in certain foods that fight oxygen-caused damage to body tissues (oxidation)
腹水: accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
非典型增生: a type of 良性的 breast disease that can increase the risk of developing breast cancer
b
活组织检查: a procedure in which a tissue sample is taken. Types of breast 活组织检查 include fine need aspiration (FNA), 核心针, 立体定向, 外科手术, 切除
良性的:没有癌变
BRCA1, BRCA2: genetic 突变s associated with the development of inherited breast and 卵子rian cancers
c
钙化: mineral deposits within the breast tissue seen on mammograms
CA-125: a blood screening test sometimes used for 卵子rian cancer
化疗: treatment of cancer with drugs that kill tumor cells
克罗米酚柠檬酸盐: a fertility drug that may be associated with an increased risk for 卵子rian cancer
computed tomography (CT) scan: an X-ray examination sometimes used to diagnose cancer
囊肿: a fluid-filled sac that can occur in the breast, 卵子ry and other parts of the body
d
解剖: 外科手术ly separating out certain tissues
性导管癌: breast cancer that arises in the milk ducts
ductogram: an X-ray examination of the milk duct
无性细胞瘤: an 卵子rian cancer that starts in germ cells (the cells that produce eggs)
继续阅读
e
epithelial 卵子rian carcinoma: the most common type of 卵子rian cancer, which arises from the cells covering the 卵子ry
雌激素: one of the major female hormones produced by the 卵子ries and elsewhere in the body
f
纤维囊性的变化: formation of fluid-filled sacs (囊肿s) and scarring in the connective tissue that supports the breast
g
基因检测: tests that examine DNA in blood or other tissue to find genetic abnormalities
生殖细胞瘤:见生殖细胞异常瘤 年级: a measure of how abnormal cancer cells look under a microsope
颗粒细胞瘤: a type of 卵子rian cancer originating in 雌激素-producing cells
h
hormone replacement therapy: taking supplemental 雌激素 and 孕酮 to replace the body's natural hormones after 更年期
子宫切除术: 外科手术 rem卵子l of the uterus
i
原位: cancer that is confined to its place of origin and has not spread
渗透: cancer that has invaded nearby tissues
炎性乳腺癌: a rare, fast-growing breast cancer
浸润性癌: cancer that has spread to surrounding tissue and/or other parts of the body
未成熟畸胎瘤: a type of 卵子rian tumor that most often affects younger women
辐照: x线治疗
l
腹腔镜检查: examination of the abdomen by inserting a miniature telescope-like instrument through a small incision
剖腹手术: a 外科手术 incision in the abdomen
小叶癌: breast cancer that starts in the lobular cells of the milk ducts
乳房肿瘤切除术: breast cancer surgery that removes the tumor and a margin of surrounding tissue
淋巴切除术:摘除淋巴结
淋巴水肿: swelling of the 淋巴结
淋巴结: small glands that filter a type of fluid (lymph) in the body
淋巴管: the small vessels that carry lymph
m
恶性:癌症
mammogram (screening or diagnostic): X-ray examination of the breast
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): an imaging study that uses magnetic fields to show body tissue
乳房切除术:外科手术 rem卵子l of the breast. Types of 乳房切除术 include partial, total, modified radical and radical
髓样癌: a rare type of breast cancer with little fibrous tissue in the tumor
更年期: cessation of the menstrual cycle
转移:传播. Metastases refer to cancerous growths that have spread from the point of origin.
死亡率: the number of deaths from a specific disease per 100,000 women
粘液癌: a rare type of breast cancer in which cells secrete sticky (mucinous) material
突变: alteration of a normal gene
n
非侵入性癌症: a very early cancer that has not spread beyond the type of tissue in which it started
o
oophorectomy (unilateral and bilateral): rem卵子l of one or both 卵子ries
致癌基因: a cancer-causing gene, such as HER2
肿瘤学家(妇科): a doctor trained in treating cancers of the female reproductive tract
卵子:鸡蛋
排卵: the process of releasing a mature egg from the 卵子ry
p
Paget's disease of the nipple: a rare breast cancer that spreads from the breast ducts to the nipple area
触诊用手去感觉
叶状柄肿瘤: a rare breast tumor that forms in the connective tissue of the breast (基质)
孕酮一种女性荷尔蒙
预后:预期结果
proliferative breast disease without atypia: increased growth of normal-appearing breast cells
预防:预防
假肢乳房形状
r
放射治疗: treatment that uses X-rays to kill cancer cells
receptor positive, receptor negative: terms used to describe whether or not a breast tumor has receptors for female hormones
s
salpingectomy (unilateral and bilateral): rem卵子l of one or both fallopian tubes
支持- leydig细胞瘤: a type of 卵子rian tumor originating from hormone-producing cells
暂存: finding out how much cancer is present and whether it has spread to other parts of the body
基质:结缔组织
间质肿瘤: an 卵子rian cancer that starts in the connective tissue of the 卵子ry, where some female hormones are produced
存活率: the percentage of patients who survive an illness over a specified period of time
t
经阴道超声: an ultrasound examination performed through the vagina used to diagnose 卵子rian cancer
输卵管结扎手术: tying off the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
管癌: a form of ductal breast cancer in which cells are well differentiated and the fibrous tissue (基质) is invaded by small tubules
u
超声波(超声): an imaging study that uses high-energy sound waves to show body tissues
未分化的: not differentiated, primitive, immature
w
线定位: use of a thin wire to help the surgeon 活组织检查 the correct area of the breast
Drugs Used in Cancer Treatment
AC: a combination 化疗 including doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cyclophosphamid
CMF: a combination 化疗 including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil
CAF: a combination 化疗 including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine (Adriamycin) and fluorouracil
Cysplatin: a medication used to treat 卵子rian cancer
紫杉醇(紫杉醇): a medication originally obtained from the bark of the yew tree, used to treat 卵子rian cancer
雷洛昔芬: a medication that mimics the action of 雌激素 in some tissues and blocks its effect in others
它莫西芬: an anti-雌激素 drug used to treat and prevent breast cancer
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加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
